School of Medicine, Health & Life Sciences

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    Analysis of Factors Affecting Adherence to Anti Retroviral Therapy (art) Among HIV Infected Clients Reporting at ART Clinic in Kiswa Health Centre III, Kampala District.
    (King Ceasor University, Institutional Repository, 2024-07-23) Nabacwa Agnes Lutaaya & Dr. Amos Ronald Kalukusu
    A study was carried out at Kiswa Health Center III to identify the factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected clients. The specific objectives of the study include; Determining the socioeconomic factors affecting adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (art) among HIV-infected clients reporting to the ART clinic at Kiswa Health Centre III, Assessing the drug-related factors affecting adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (art) among HIV-infected clients reporting for ART clinic at Kiswa Health Centre III; To identify the health facility factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected clients reporting for ART clinic at Kiswa Health Centre III. A descriptive and cross-sectional design was employed and 60 respondents were selected using simple random sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The study found that respondents faced various socioeconomic factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected clients as most 38 (63%) had been taking ARVs for 1 – 3 years, 60 (100%) reported facing problems in taking the drugs, 28 (46.7%) respondents reported non-availability of medication, 24 (40%) who reported lack of support, 8 (13.3%) reported forgetfulness, 40 (66.7%) resided 1 – 3 km away from the nearest health facility offering ARVs, 40 (66.7%) spent between 1000 – 5000shs on transport to the health facility to fetch ARVs, 40 (66.7%) reported not having community/peer support groups to encourage and motivate respondents to take ARVs. The study revealed that respondents had never faced drug-related factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected clients as all 60 (100%) had ever missed their dose and 20 (33.3%) had ever abandoned their medication due to the unavailability of medication, 16 (26.7%) forgetfulness, 12 (20%) side effects and 8 (13.3%) lack of support while pill burden and fatigue were a also a major factor as 40 (66.7%) respondents were supposed to take 4 pills daily and all 60 (100%) had ever experienced side effects of medication including 30 (50%) nausea and 20 (33.3%) vomiting. Respondents also faced various health facility-related factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected clients and these included 40 (67%) inadequate supervision by health workers in the community, 40 (66.7%) did not have a good rapport with the physician/health worker providing them with ARVs, 30 (50%) sometimes found HIV medicines at the health facility. However, 36 (60%) received patient education regarding the goals of adherence. In conclusion, the researcher noted that respondents faced various socio-economic, drug-related, and health facility factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected clients. The key recommendations included the provision of more support in the communities, health educating patients about the potential side effects of drugs, ensuring ready supply and availability of drugs, and improving rapport and communication with patients among others. Keywords: ART Adherence; HIV/AIDS; Socioeconomic Factors; Health Facility Factors
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    Analysis Of Factors Associated With Attrition Among Health Workers In Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala District, Uganda.
    (King Ceasor University, Institutional Repository, 2024-07-24) Naakazi Victor & Amos Ronald Kalukusu
    The shortage of healthcare workers poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide, impacting the delivery of quality healthcare services. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with attrition among health workers in Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda. A sample of 320 health workers participated in the study, providing demographic information and responses to survey questions on individual, organizational, and systemic factors influencing attrition. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine relationships and identify predictors of attrition. The findings revealed that marital status (χ2 = 12.58, p < 0.05) and income level (χ2 = 5.76, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with attrition rates among health workers. Married health workers demonstrated lower attrition rates compared to single counterparts, while income level did not significantly influence attrition. Organizational factors such as workload (AOR = 1.94, p < 0.001) and career advancement opportunities (AOR = 0.62, p < 0.01) were significant predictors of attrition, highlighting the importance of addressing workload management and providing avenues for professional growth. Systemic factors including government policies (AOR = 0.75, p < 0.05) and funding allocations (AOR = 0.81, p < 0.05) were also found to influence health worker retention rates. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of attrition among health workers and the need for targeted interventions at individual, organizational, and systemic levels to improve workforce stability and enhance the delivery of healthcare services. By addressing factors such as workload management, career development opportunities, and supportive policy environments, stakeholders can work towards mitigating attrition and strengthening healthcare systems resilience. This study contributes valuable knowledge to the field of healthcare workforce management and provides a foundation for future research and intervention efforts aimed at improving healthworker retention in Mulago National Referral Hospital and similar healthcare settings globally. Keywords: Health Worker Attrition; Organizational Factors; Systemic Factors
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    ANALYSIS OF FACTORS CONNECTED TO THE OCCURRENCE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AMONG COUPLES IN KAWEMPE DIVISION
    (2024-07-18) KANSIIME ANNAH. KAKIKAIRE
    The study investigated factors connected to the occurrence of domestic violence among couples in Kawempe Division. The Specific Research objectives were to establish the forms of domestic violence among couples in Kawempe division; to identify the causes of domestic violence among among couples in Kawempe division and to establish the effects of domestic violence among couples in Kawempe division. The research employed a cross-sectional research design using quantitative methods. Data collection methods include questionnaires were used. The sample size comprises 50 couples. The study revealed the alarming prevalence of various forms of domestic violence within intimate relationships. The findings underscore the urgent need for immediate and targeted interventions, awareness campaigns, and support services to address the multifaceted challenges posed by intimate partner violence. The high percentages of respondents acknowledging experiences with sexual, physical, psychological, and technological-facilitated abuse, as well as neglect and verbal abuse, emphasize the pervasive nature of these issues within the community. The findings underscore the complex interplay of various factors contributing to domestic violence within Kawempe Division. The findings provide valuable insights for the development of targeted interventions and support services aimed at addressing gender dynamics, substance abuse, communication patterns, cultural attitudes, and economic challenges to foster healthier relationship dynamics and mitigate the prevalence of intimate partner violence within the community. The examination of the effects of domestic violence among couples in Kawempe Division reveals a sobering reality marked by pervasive physical, emotional, and societal repercussions. The overwhelming consensus among respondents underscores a deep-seated awareness within the community regarding the severe impact of intimate partner violence. Finally, it was concluded that it is imperative for stakeholders, including policymakers, community leaders, and support organizations, to collaborate in implementing effective strategies that promote awareness, prevention, and support for survivors. The results call for a collective commitment to fostering healthier relationship dynamics, eradicating intimate partner violence, and creating a safer environment for couples in Kawempe Division.
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    Analysis Of Issues Associated With Legalizing Induced Abortion Among Women Of Reproductive Age In Uganda: A Situational Analysis Among Doctors, Lawyers And University Medical Students.
    (IKSAD Publishing House, 2022-12-22) Suleiman Faisal Sophia; Kalukusu Amos Ronald
    Analysis Of Issues Associated With Legalizing Induced Abortion Among Women Of Reproductive Age In Uganda: A Situational Analysis Among Doctors, Lawyers And University Medical Students. Authors: **Faisal Sophia Suleiman1, Amos Ronald Kalukusu2 ** Corresponding Author: Email [email protected] 2. [email protected] 1 & 2 King Ceasor University, College of Medicine, Health & Life Sciences Abstract This study investigated issues associated with legalizing induced abortion among women of reproductive age in Uganda. Due to the restrictive abortion laws in Uganda, women opt for clandestine abortions which are usually unsafe leading to several complications including death. The target population for the study was 200 among whom it selected 131 respondents who included 36 doctors, 80 medical students, and 15 lawyers. The doctors were selected purposively, the medical students were selected using a random sampling technique while a snowball sampling technique was used to arrive at the 15 lawyers for the study. The specific objectives of the study were: (a) to determine the level of awareness of doctors, medical students, and lawyers on the current laws and policies on induced abortion among women of reproductive age in Uganda. (b) to investigate the insight of doctors, medical students, and lawyers on the advantages of legalizing induced abortion among women of reproductive age in Uganda and (c) to evaluate the insight of doctors, medical students, and lawyers on the barriers to legalizing induced abortion among women of reproductive age in Uganda. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and then entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20, and the results were represented in both tabular and graphical forms. The study found that there was a significant gap in the knowledge of the laws and policies on abortion in Uganda among doctors, medical students, and lawyers (Sig=0.000, P-value < 0.05). Legalizing induced abortion was viewed to have the advantage of reducing maternal mortality by 59% of the variance while it was further viewed to reduce abortion complications by 15% of the variance. The most significant barrier to legalizing induced abortion in Uganda comes from religious organizations that contribute 49% of the variance. Additionally, few policymakers can articulate publicly in favor of the liberal abortion laws as this contributed 22% of the variance. In terms of implementation of the abortion laws in Uganda, 41% of the variance is a result of the laws being too complicated, accompanied by a failure to inform the public, the health workers, and government officials on the interpretation of the abortion laws (24.1% of the variance). The insights of the doctors and medical students towards legalizing induced abortion in Uganda predicted an 80.5% variance in terms of their willingness to perform an induced abortion, while it predicted a 65.9% variance towards launching a constitutional challenge by the lawyers. It was concluded that there is a significant gap in the knowledge of doctors, medical students, and lawyers on the current laws and policies on induced abortion and the study recommended that Uganda’s abortion laws and policies should be clarified to improve the level of awareness among the citizenry. Keywords: Induced Abortion, legalizing Induced Abortion, Abortion Laws & Policies, Maternal Mortality.
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    Analysis Of Issues Associated With Legalizing Induced Abortion Among Women Of Reproductive Age In Uganda: A Situational Analysis Among Doctors, Lawyers And University Medical Students.
    (IKSAD Publishing House, 2022-12-22) Faisal Sophia Suleiman; Amos Ronald Kalukusu
    Abstract This study investigated issues associated with legalizing induced abortion among women of reproductive age in Uganda. Due to the restrictive abortion laws in Uganda, women opt for clandestine abortions which are usually unsafe leading to several complications including death. The target population for the study was 200 among whom it selected 131 respondents who included 36 doctors, 80 medical students, and 15 lawyers. The doctors were selected purposively, the medical students were selected using a random sampling technique while a snowball sampling technique was used to arrive at the 15 lawyers for the study. The specific objectives of the study were: (a) to determine the level of awareness of doctors, medical students, and lawyers on the current laws and policies on induced abortion among women of reproductive age in Uganda. (b) to investigate the insight of doctors, medical students, and lawyers on the advantages of legalizing induced abortion among women of reproductive age in Uganda and (c) to evaluate the insight of doctors, medical students, and lawyers on the barriers to legalizing induced abortion among women of reproductive age in Uganda. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and then entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20, and the results were represented in both tabular and graphical forms. The study found that there was a significant gap in the knowledge of the laws and policies on abortion in Uganda among doctors, medical students, and lawyers (Sig=0.000, P-value < 0.05). Legalizing induced abortion was viewed to have the advantage of reducing maternal mortality by 59% of the variance while it was further viewed to reduce abortion complications by 15% of the variance. The most significant barrier to legalizing induced abortion in Uganda comes from religious organizations that contribute 49% of the variance. Additionally, few policymakers can articulate publicly in favor of the liberal abortion laws as this contributed 22% of the variance. In terms of implementation of the abortion laws in Uganda, 41% of the variance is a result of the laws being too complicated, accompanied by a failure to inform the public, the health workers, and government officials on the interpretation of the abortion laws (24.1% of the variance). The insights of the doctors and medical students towards legalizing induced abortion in Uganda predicted an 80.5% of variance in terms of their willingness to perform an induced abortion, while it predicted a 65.9% variance towards launching a constitutional challenge by the lawyers. It was concluded that there is a significant gap in the knowledge of doctors, medical students, and lawyers on the current laws and policies on induced abortion and the study recommended that Uganda’s abortion laws and policies should be clarified to improve on the level of awareness among the citizenry. Keywords: Induced Abortion, legalizing Induced Abortion, Abortion Laws & Policies, Maternal Mortality.
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    Analysis Of The Relationship Associated With Poor Health Outcomes Among Tuberculosis Patients Attending Semuto Health Centre IV, Nakaseke District, Uganda.
    (King Ceasor University, Institutional Repository, 2024-07-24) Nantale Esther & Amos Ronald Kalukusu
    Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify patient-related, treatment-related, and socio economic factors associated with poor health outcomes among TB patients attending Semuto Health Centre IV in Nakaseke District, Uganda. A total of 384 TB patients were included in the study. Data were collected through interviews and medical record reviews. Descriptive statistics, adjusted odds ratios (AOR), chi-square tests, and p-values were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that patient-related factors, including age, gender, education level, and occupation, significantly influenced health outcomes among TB patients. Notably, older age (>45 years) was associated with a higher risk of poor health outcomes (AOR = 1.75, p < 0.05). Treatment-related factors, such as treatment adherence and drug side effects, were also found to impact health outcomes. Patients who reported non-adherence to treatment had a significantly increased risk of poor health outcomes (AOR = 2.12, p < 0.01). Additionally, socio-economic factors, including employment status and household income, played a significant role in determining health outcomes. Unemployed patients were more likely to experience poor health outcomes compared to employed patients (AOR = 1.63, p < 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of addressing multi-dimensional factors in TB care and management to improve health outcomes among TB patients. Targeted interventions focusing on patient education, treatment adherence support, and socio-economic empowerment may help mitigate the risk of poor health outcomes among TB patients attending Semuto Health Centre IV in Nakaseke District, Uganda. Further research is warranted to explore additional factors influencing TB treatment outcomes and to develop comprehensive strategies for TB control and prevention in resource-limited settings. Keywords: Tuberculosis; Health Outcomes; Socio-Economic Factors
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    Antimalarial combination therapies increase gastric ulcers through an imbalance of basic antioxidative-oxidative enzymes in male Wistar rats
    (BMC, 2020-05-09) Muhamudu Kalange, Miriam Nansunga , Keneth Iceland Kasozi , Josephine Kasolo , Jackline Namulema , Jovile Kasande Atusiimirwe , Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua, Fred Ssempijja, Edson Ireeta Munanura, Kevin Matama, Ibrahim Semuyaba , Gerald Zirintunda and Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi
    Antimalarials are globally used against plasmodium infections, however, information on the safety of new antimalarial combination therapies on the gastric mucosa is scarce. This study investigated the effects of Artesunate-Amodiaquine and Artemether-Lumefantrine on ulcer induction. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and major histological changes in male Wistar rats following ulcer induction using Indomethacin were investigated. Gastric ulcers were in four groups; Group I was administered Artesunate, group II received ArtesunateAmodiaquine, group III received Artemether-Lumefantrine, and Group IV was a positive control (normal saline). Group V was the negative control consisting of healthy rats. Antimalarial combination therapies were associated with a higher gastric ulcer index than a single antimalarial agent, Artesunate. In addition, levels of MDA were significantly higher in the combination of therapies while GSH levels were lower compared to Artesunate and the negative control. Microscopically, antimalarial combination therapies were associated with severe inflammation and tissue damage than Artesunate in the gastric mucosa showing that antimalarial combination therapies exert their toxic effects through oxidative stress mechanisms, and this leads to cellular damage. The findings in this study demonstrate a need to revisit information on the pharmacodynamics of major circulating antimalarial agents in developing countries. Keywords: Antimalarials, Pharmacodynamics of antimalarial agents, Malaria in developing countries, Gastric ulcers
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    Assessment Of Factors That Influenced The Uptake Of Covid -19 Vaccinations Among Health Workers In Uganda A case study Of Mulago National Referral Hospital Staff.
    (King Ceasor University, Institutional Repository, 2024-07-19) Amorut Everline Ruth & Dr. Herbert Tumusiime
    The study investigated the assessment of factors that influenced the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among health workers at Mulago National Referral Hospital. The specific objectives of the study were to find out the factors for COVID-19 vaccination exercise among the health workers in MNRH, to examine the effects of COVID-19 vaccination exercise among health workers in MNRH, and to find out the challenges facing COVID-19 vaccination exercise among health workers in MNRH. The study adopted a descriptive research design consisting of mainly quantitative approaches to make valid and insightful conclusions. The study was conducted in Mulago National Referral Hospital, with the target population mainly comprised of nurses who nursed post-patients considering they have the required knowledge about the area of investigation. The study used both probability and non-probability sampling designs. The non-probability sampling design included purposive sampling while the probabilistic sampling design specifically simple random sampling was adopted during the study. Interviews were conducted with a sample size of 100 respondents purposively estimated using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The study findings revealed the fear of getting infected (reported by 66% of the respondents) followed by the fear of transferring the disease to their family members (reported by 53%) as the greatest stress factor experienced. Bold attitude to treating COVID-19 patients and received equipment and means of protection as measures implemented to manage and balance the increased workload during the pandemic. Additionally, a high proportion (59%) of respondents noted the workload to have increased. However, the respondent’s challenges while carrying out corvid-19 vaccination, limited funds, and the use of different vaccines (reported by 45%). The study recommended that there should be surveys and interviews with health workers to understand their perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Explore factors such as knowledge about the vaccine, concerns about safety and efficacy, and perceptions of risk. Assess the accessibility and availability of COVID-19 vaccines for health workers in different regions of Uganda. Investigate whether logistical challenges, such as vaccine distribution and supply chain issues, are affecting vaccine uptake. Keywords: COVID-19 vaccination uptake; Health workers; Factors influencing vaccination
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    Assessment Of Health Staff Response To Physical Trauma Patients In Uganda A Case Of Mulago National Referral Hospital
    (Unpublished Dissertation., 2024-07-18) Rebecca Friday & Dr. Herbert Tumusiime
    Physical trauma is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, and data characterizing the response of health staff towards physical trauma patients in Uganda is limited. This study aims to characterize the responses of health workers toward physical trauma patients presenting to Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH) to identify opportunities for quality improvement and policy development. The study used a cross-sectional survey design and 96 questionnaires were administered to both health staff and patients to collect data and SPSS was used to analyze the data. The response rate was 92.7% and 7.3% was the non-response rate. From November 2023 to March 2024, data was prospectively captured on injured patients and health workers using a properly designed questionnaire and also conducted some interviews. Information was analyzed in line with the three objectives which were; i) To find out the impact of physical trauma on the socio-demographic characteristics of patients and health staff at Mulago National Referral Hospital; ii) To find out the responses of health staff towards physical trauma patients at Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda. iii) To find out the consequences faced by patients due to physical trauma at Mulago National Referral Hospital at the Trauma ward. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were conducted. A total of 89 respondents were chosen of which 63 injured patients were treated during the study period by 23 health workers. The study established that the majority of the respondents were male (59.6%), the occupations most affected by physical trauma injuries were students (33.7%), and people within the age group of 30-40 years at 29.2%. The health workers gave first aid to patients on arrival at the hospital and recommended a professional in case of a serious injury. It was also found that the medical equipment used in the treatment and care of the victims was not enough. 88.4% of the health workers offer counseling services to patients who obtain any type of disability and also 76.9% do not follow up on the patients after discharging them. Falls (44.4%) and road traffic injuries (RTIs, 31.7%) were the leading causes of injury. Over three-quarters (71.4%) of all patients had a temporary disability. The lower body extremities were the most recorded body injuries at 55.6% followed by upper body extremities (30.2%) and the head/neck and face at 14.3%. It took about 30 minutes to one hour for most patients to arrive at the hospital where ambulances were used to transport severely injured victims and motorcycles (68.3%)were the most used to arrive to the hospital. In Uganda, there is a significant need for injury prevention efforts to protect vulnerable populations such as children and women from physical trauma on roads/streets and in the home. Specialized professionals like Orthopedics and neurosurgeons are important targets for the strengthening of health systems. The comprehensive data provided by the researcher will continue to inform such efforts and provide a way to monitor their progress moving forward. Key Words: Physical trauma, Health worker responses, Injury prevention
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    Assessment of Level of Job Satisfaction And The Associated Factors Among Nurses In Uganda, A Case Of Nurses At Mulago National Referral Hospital (Mnrh), Uganda
    (King Ceasor University, Institutional Repository, 2024-07-24) Awor Molly & Kaweesa Simon Peter.
    Job satisfaction among nurses is known to be a crucial element in ensuring quality patient care and staff retention. The term generally refers to the degree to which people feel about their job and the different aspects of the job, which results from a combination of factors that are known to be both extrinsic and intrinsic. The overall aim of the study was ‘to assess the level of job satisfaction and the associated factors among Nurses in Mulago National Referral Hospital’. The study employed a quantitative survey method for investigation with a sample size identified using a combination of purposive and convenience sampling methods. Data were collected using a self-filled questionnaire. The study was guided and analyzed based on Herzberg’s two-factor conceptual framework that divides relevant factors into satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors. Satisfaction factors (also called satisfier, intrinsic, or motivator factors) make people satisfied and motivated include Achievement, Recognition, Work itself, Responsibility, Advancement, and Growth’; and dissatisfaction factors (also called hygiene or extrinsic factors) include Working conditions, Co-worker relations, and rules, Salary, Company policies, Supervision, Interpersonal relations, Status, and Job security. The study findings indicated a satisfactory level of job satisfaction among Nurses in Mulago National Referral Hospital with predictive variables of sex, marital status, working hours, and working conditions as significantly associated with overall job satisfaction. The author recommends the development of policy guidelines to facilitate a reward system; prioritization of conducive working conditions; and upscaling of research on job satisfaction targeting both private and public health facilities at national and regional levels including training institutions for a sustainable bridge to job satisfaction levels. Keywords: Job Satisfaction; Nurses Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors;
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    Clinical Waste Management in Heaqlth Facilities: Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices In Mulago National Referral Hospital, Pediatric Wards.
    (King Ceasor University, Institutional Repository, 2024-07-24) Night Clare & Dr. Martin Odoki.
    The study investigated the health workers’ knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding clinical waste management in the Mulago Hospital pediatric ward. The specific Objectives of the Study were; to examine workers’ knowledge about clinical waste management in the Mulago Hospital Pediatric Ward to determine the attitudes of healthcare workers about clinical management in the Mulago Hospital Pediatric Ward and to identify health workers’ practice about clinical management in the Mulago Hospital Pediatric Ward. The research employed a descriptive, cross-sectional design with quantitative research approaches. Data collection methods include questionnaires and key informant interviews. The sample size comprises 52 participants, including health workers at Mulago National Referral Hospital. The study revealed that the respondents demonstrate a strong understanding of key aspects such as standards and regulations, waste categorization, and proper segregation and disposal practices. However, there are areas where knowledge could be improved, particularly in responding to blood exposure accidents and segregating sharp clinical waste. The findings revealed that a significant proportion of respondents agreed with the importance of proper waste handling. For example, 56% believed that waste management in the pediatric ward is proper, indicating confidence in current practices. Additionally, 60% affirmed that waste management is their duty, reflecting a strong sense of responsibility. Respondents also demonstrated awareness of safety measures in waste management, with 77% agreeing that waste must be collected carefully. Moreover, 62% advocated for consistent glove usage to prevent exposure-related risks. The study findings also revealed that there is a mixed level of adherence to recommended practices. A significant proportion consistently use rubber gloves during medical services, indicating a positive approach to protecting against exposure to hazardous materials. Additionally, there is strong compliance with proper disposal practices for sharp clinical waste, with a majority consistently using hard containers. Respondents also demonstrate proactive behavior in promptly addressing spills of liquid clinical waste. However, areas for improvement exist, particularly regarding the consistent use of personal protective equipment when picking up trash and ensuring thorough hand hygiene after contact with medical waste. Finally, it was recommended that the hospital administration should ensure that adequate resources, including personal protective equipment (PPE), waste disposal containers, and signage, are readily available to support safe waste management practices. Investing in these resources not only enhances safety but also reinforces the positive attitudes observed among healthcare workers toward waste management. Keywords: Clinical Waste Management; Health Workers; Mulago Hospital Pediatric Ward
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    Congenital Abnormalities And The Existential Threat Towards Expectant Mothers In Uganda: A KAP Study At Kawempe National Referral Hospital
    (King Ceasor University, Institutional Repository, 2024-07-24) Atwine Agatha and Amos Ronald Kalukusu
    The study investigated congenital abnormalities and the existential threat to expectant mothers attending the ANC clinic at Kawempe National Referral Hospital. The specific Objectives of the Study were; To assess the knowledge of expectant mothers attending the ANC clinic about congenital abnormalities at Kawempe National Referral Hospital; To assess the risk factors of congenital abnormalities towards expectant mothers attending the ANC clinic at Kawempe National Referral Hospital and to examine the practices of expectant mothers attending ANC clinic about congenital abnormalities at Kawempe National Referral Hospital. The research employed a descriptive, cross-sectional design with both quantitative and qualitative components. Data collection methods included questionnaires and key informant interviews. The sample size comprised 153 participants, including expectant mothers and key informants including those in charge of the ANC clinic and obstetric and Gynecologists working in the ANC clinic at Kawempe National Referral Hospital. The study revealed that a considerable percentage exhibited uncertainty regarding the role of environmental risks, highlighting a knowledge gap that requires targeted educational interventions. Furthermore, perceptions about contraceptive pills and their association with congenital abnormalities showed a significant portion expressing concerns, emphasizing the need for comprehensive education to dispel misconceptions. Additionally, study findings on the risk factors of congenital abnormalities in expectant mothers revealed diverse perceptions and uncertainties. Environmental risks, contraceptive pills, un-prescribed drugs, pesticide exposure, family history, and maternal health conditions were examined. The findings from the practices of expectant mothers attending the ANC clinic about congenital abnormalities at Kawempe National Referral Hospital provided insights into varied behaviors and attitudes. Participants demonstrated commendable practices such as washing vegetables and fruits before eating at home. However, there were concerning attitudes toward the emotional impact of congenital abnormalities, alcohol and smoking habits, religious beliefs, and the willingness to seek emotional support and counseling. Finally, it was recommended that the hospital's healthcare education team spearhead the development and implementation of customized educational workshops. These workshops should be tailored to the specific needs identified in the study, providing comprehensive information on congenital abnormalities. Additionally, the hospital's communications and outreach team should take charge of creating easily understandable informational pamphlets and materials. It was also recommended that to effectively address the identified risk factors of congenital abnormalities, ANC service providers and hospital management should integrate regular health talks during ANC Clinic visits. These health talks should focus on discussing environmental risks, contraceptive methods, and the significance of maternal health conditions in preventing congenital abnormalities. Additionally, collaborations with local pharmacies should be established under the leadership of hospital management and local pharmacy associations. Keywords: Congenital Abnormalities, Expectant Mothers, ANC Clinic
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    DRIVERS FOR ACCEPTABILITY OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) SELF-TESTING KITS AMONG FEMALE COMMERCIAL SEX-WORKERS IN UGANDA. AN EVALUATIVE STUDY AT UGANDA MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTRE
    (2024-07-18) Apio Sophie Odora & Amos Ronald Kalukusu
    This study explored the utilization of HIV self-testing (HIVST) among female commercial sex workers in Uganda, focusing on individual and health facility factors influencing its uptake. Data were gathered through interviews with 184 respondents, revealing that only 48% had tested for HIV, while merely 27.2% had used HIVST. Results indicate that factors like age (χ2=19.353, p=0.000), marital status (χ2=8.564, p=0.014), and experiences of stigma (χ2=8.309, p=0.016) significantly affected HIVST. Health facility factors were also influential; 68.8% lacked access to HIVST kits, and 65.9% reported kit unavailability. Distance to facilities (χ2=7.943, p=0.005) and receiving health education (χ2=5.612, p=0.015) impacted HIVST uptake. Logistic regression revealed that younger age groups (18-24 years: AOR=2.537, 95% CI: 1.670-3.561, p=0.002; 2534 years: AOR=2.001, 95% CI: 1.511-3.890, p=0.001) and proximity to testing facilities (AOR=4.661, 95% CI: 2.510-7.002, p=0.000) increased HIVST uptake. Conversely, having fewer sexual partners correlated with lower HIVST usage (one partner: AOR=0.275, 95% CI: 0.1010.442, p=0.024; two partners: AOR=0.431, 95% CI: 0.118-0.782, p=0.010). These findings underscore the need for tailored interventions to enhance HIVST accessibility, especially targeting younger individuals and improving awareness among key populations. Keywords: Acceptability; Testing Kits; HIV/AIDS.
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    Effects of Occupational Stressors Impacting the Nursing Profession in Uganda, a Case of Nurses who cared for COVID-19 Patients at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda
    (King Ceasor University, Institutional Repository, 2024-07-18) Adeke Caroline & Bernadette Ndabishimye
    The study investigated the effects of occupational stressors impacting the nursing profession in Uganda, a case of nurses who cared for COVID-19 patients at Mulago National Referral Hospital. The specific objectives of the study were to find out the relationship between occupational stressors and nurses’ professionals, examine the impact of occupational stressors on nurses’ professionals in MNRH, and identify the possible measures for addressing occupational stressors of nursing professionals in MNRH. The study adopted a descriptive research design consisting of mainly quantitative approaches to make valid and insightful conclusions. The study was conducted in Mulago National Referral Hospital, with the target population that mainly comprised of nurses who nursed post-patients considering they have the required knowledge about the area of investigation. The study used both probability and non-probability sampling designs. The nonprobability sampling design included purposive sampling while the probabilistic sampling design specifically simple random sampling was adopted during the study. Interviews were conducted with a sample size of 100 respondents purposively estimated using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The study findings revealed the fear of getting infected (reported by 66% of the respondents) followed by the fear of transferring the disease to their family members (reported by 53% of the respondents) as the greatest stress factor experienced. Additionally, a high proportion (59%) of respondents noted the workload to have increased. These had an impact on nurses’ effectiveness in delivering healthcare some of the impacts; affect the relationship between nurses and their patients, lead to poor patient care, it leads to low morale at work, stressors can lead to no care of patients, and stressors can also lead to depression. However, the respondents proposed measures of addressing occupational stressors as encouraging workplace wellness (reported by 45%), encouraging workplace wellness (reported by 50%) allowing for flexible hours and remote working (45%). The study recommended that there should be interventions that eradicate some of these stressors. Nurse’s ability to cope with the demands and stress of work may be improved with specific occupational health education and specific training programs that improve their knowledge and ability. Also, interventions at the hospital level, including additional supervisor support, staff recognition policies, and more break provisions, may prove helpful to a more supportive work environment establishment, preventing stress on a primary level.
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    Evaluation of Medical Services Untilization: A Case of Kimwanyi Health Center II, Kiira Municipality, Wakiso District, Uganda.
    (2024-07-19) Naguti Erusa & Dr. Martin Odoki
    Providing quality medical services to patients is an ideal that every healthcare institution hopes to achieve since it has many benefits (Bazrafcan et al., 2015). A study was carried out to evaluate medical services utilization. A case of Kimwanyi Health Center II, Kira Municipality, Wakiso District, Uganda. The study design was descriptive and cross-sectional and it employed quantitative data collection methods. A sample size of 60 respondents was selected using a convenience sampling procedure. An interview guide was used to collect data. The study found various socio-economic factors affecting medical services utilization. Although all the respondents 60 (100%) were aware and had ever attended the health care services provided at Kimwanyi Health Center II, 40 (66.7%) of respondents were not aware of the dangers of poor health-seeking behavior for medical services, 40 (67%) did not receive adequate support and encouragement from their partners to ensure access to health care services, 36 (60%) had never been health educated about home treatment for illnesses, 24 (40%) respondents resided 4 – 5 km away from Health Center and 24 (40%) respondents spent between 5000 – 10,000shs on transport to the health facility, yet 50 (83.3%) reported that lack of money for transport as a factor affecting medical services utilization. Results also revealed various health worker-related factors affecting medical services utilization as 40 (67%) reported that health workers had bad behavior towards patients, 40 (67%) reported that health workers had negative attitudes during the provision of medical services, 20 (33.3%) reported over conversing and unwelcoming health workers and 16 (26.7%) reported inefficient and slow health staff. Results showed various health facility factors affecting medical services utilization and although 24 (40%) respondents rated the quality of medical care received the last time they used the health care services as very good, 22 (36.7%) spent 30 minutes to 1 hour, 16 (26.7%) spent more than 4 hours, 36 (60%) reported that Kimwanyi Health Center II is not accessible from their homes, 24 (40%) were sometimes able to get all the required services and medication. In conclusion, respondents faced various socio-economic, health worker, and health facility factors affecting medical services utilization. The key recommendations included improved customer care, ready availability of services, and ready availability of medication among others. Keywords: Medical services utilization; Socio-economic factors; Health worker-related factors.
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    Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Occurrence of Kidney Injuries and Malaria Prevalence Among Children Less Than 12 Years of Age: The Case Of Children Reporting At Mulago Pediatric Ward, Uganda
    (King Ceasor University, Institutional Repository, 2024-07-23) Namatovu. N. Olivia & Dr. Amos Ronald Kalukusu
    A study was carried out to analyze the cultural competence issues associated with traditional healers in Uganda, a case of patients admitted to the orthopedic ward, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala District. A descriptive cross-sectional and quantitative data collection method was used and 100 respondents were selected using a simple random sampling procedure. Data was collected using interview guides. The study revealed that respondents faced various economic factors associated with the use of traditional bone setters as 40 (40%) reported having a monthly income of 200,000Shs, 60 (60%) reported that their monthly income was not enough for them to access orthopedic services, 60 (60%) reported that the nearest health facility providing orthopedic services from their home was 6 km and above, 55 (55%) spent 10,000Shs and more on transport to the health facility, 36 (64%) reported that their partners did not support them in accessing the orthopedic services, 100 (100%) agreed that their culture encouraged the use of TBS services due to 18 (18%) perceived cost-effectiveness of traditional healers, 17 (17%) lacked support while 16 (16%) reported traditional beliefs towards the efficacy of conventional care practices. The study also revealed health facility factors associated with the use of conventional bone setters as 70 (70%) reported that the nearest health facility is not well equipped to provide orthopedic services, 30 (28.6%) reported long waiting times to receive services, 12 (17.2%) reported that medicines are not always available, 60 (60%) rated the attitude of health workers during provision of orthopedic services as rude, 60 (60%) reported that the health facility never conducted training or health education on importance of using formal services vs TBS for orthopedic services while 50 (50%) waited for more than 2 hours at the health facility to receive orthopedic services. In conclusion, the study found that respondents faced various social economic, and health facility factors associated with the use of traditional bone setters. The key recommendations included regular sensitization of respondents about the potential dangers of using conventional bone setters, improving the provision of formal orthopedic services through improved efficiency, quality, and reduced cost of services, reducing waiting time to receive services as well as ensuring ready availability of all required drugs. Keywords: Traditional Healers; Orthopedic Services; Cultural Competence; Socioeconomic Factors
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    Evaluation Of The Relationship Between The Occurrence Of Kidney Injuries And Malaria Prevalence Among Children Less Than 12 Years Of Age: The Case Of Children Reporting At Mulago Pediatric Ward, Uganda
    (King Ceasor University, Institutional Repository, 2024-07-24) Namatovu Zubeeda & Amos Ronald Kalukusu
    This study investigates the relationship between the occurrence of kidney injuries and malaria prevalence among children under 12 years of age at the Mulago Pediatric Ward in Uganda. The demographic characteristics of the respondents, including children, parents or caregivers, and healthcare providers, were analyzed. The majority of the children (46.7%) were aged 3 to 6 years, with a higher proportion of male children (63.0%) compared to female children (27.0%). Most parents and caregivers were aged 50 and above (31.5%), with a slightly higher percentage of female caregivers (55.7%). The education level of mothers or guardians was predominantly primary (47.0%), followed by secondary (35.1%), tertiary (13.7%), and none (4.1%). Healthcare providers included pediatricians (34.4%), nurses (29.7%), clinical officers (21.9%), laboratory technicians (4.7%), pharmacists (3.12%), and public health workers (6.3%). Inferential statistics revealed significant associations between various factors and the occurrence of kidney injuries. The age of children showed a significant association with kidney injuries (p = 0.032), suggesting age as a factor influencing the likelihood of kidney injuries. Gender also played a significant role (p = 0.003), indicating that male children might be more predisposed to kidney injuries. The age of parents and caregivers was another significant factor (p = 0.003), impacting the likelihood of kidney injuries in children. Additionally, the level of education of mothers or guardians (p = 0.000) and the category of healthcare providers (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with kidney injuries. These findings highlight the multifaceted nature of kidney injuries in children with malaria and underscore the importance of considering demographic, educational, and healthcare provider factors in addressing this health issue. Targeted interventions to educate caregivers and optimize healthcare delivery are essential for mitigating kidney injuries and improving child health outcomes. Keywords: Kidney Injuries, Malaria Prevalence, Pediatric Healthcare
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    EXPLORING HEALTHCARE WORKERS' PRACTICES IN PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS AT KASANGATI HEALTH CENTER, UGANDA
    (King Ceasor University, 2022-08-01) FLAVIA NAAMALA
    This study examines healthcare workers' practices in preventing nosocomial infections at Kasangati Health Center IV, Uganda, focusing on knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to infection prevention. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, and data were collected from a sample of 70 healthcare workers using structured interviews. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, logistic regression, and correlation analysis were utilized for data analysis. The findings reveal a significant gap between healthcare workers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding nosocomial infection prevention. While 65.7% of healthcare workers demonstrated adequate knowledge and positive attitudes towards infection control measures, only 48.6% exhibited consistent adherence to recommended practices. Organizational support, resource availability, individual perceptions, and clear policy guidelines emerged as key factors influencing healthcare workers' practices. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations between healthcare workers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding nosocomial infection prevention (Knowledge-Practices: r = 0.70, p < 0.001; Attitudes-Practices: r = 0.55, p = 0.03). Logistic regression analysis revealed that healthcare workers perceiving supportive organizational cultures were 1.85 times more likely to exhibit positive infection control practices (AOR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.12-3.07). Similarly, those with positive perceptions and beliefs regarding infection control were 2.15 times more likely to adhere to recommended practices (AOR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.31-3.52). These findings underscore the importance of addressing the identified gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices to enhance infection prevention and control measures at Kasangati Health Center IV. Recommendations include government support, healthcare facility management prioritization, continuous education and training, community engagement, and research and monitoring efforts. Implementing these recommendations can strengthen infection prevention and control practices, ultimately improving patient safety and healthcare outcomes at Kasangati Health Center IV and similar healthcare facilities in Uganda.
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    EXPLORING HEALTHCARE WORKERS' PRACTICES IN PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS AT KASANGATI HEALTH CENTER, UGANDA
    (2022-08-01) NAAMALA, FLAVIA
    This study examines healthcare workers' practices in preventing nosocomial infections at Kasangati Health Center IV, Uganda, focusing on knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to infection prevention. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, and data were collected from a sample of 70 healthcare workers using structured interviews. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, logistic regression, and correlation analysis were utilized for data analysis. The findings reveal a significant gap between healthcare workers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding nosocomial infection prevention. While 65.7% of healthcare workers demonstrated adequate knowledge and positive attitudes towards infection control measures, only 48.6% exhibited consistent adherence to recommended practices. Organizational support, resource availability, individual perceptions, and clear policy guidelines emerged as key factors influencing healthcare workers' practices. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations between healthcare workers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding nosocomial infection prevention (Knowledge-Practices: r = 0.70, p < 0.001; Attitudes-Practices: r = 0.55, p = 0.03). Logistic regression analysis revealed that healthcare workers perceiving supportive organizational cultures were 1.85 times more likely to exhibit positive infection control practices (AOR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.12-3.07). Similarly, those with positive perceptions and beliefs regarding infection control were 2.15 times more likely to adhere to recommended practices (AOR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.31-3.52). These findings underscore the importance of addressing the identified gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices to enhance infection prevention and control measures at Kasangati Health Center IV. Recommendations include government support, healthcare facility management prioritization, continuous education and training, community engagement, and research and monitoring efforts. Implementing these recommendations can strengthen infection prevention and control practices, ultimately improving patient safety and healthcare outcomes at Kasangati Health Center IV and similar healthcare facilities in Uganda.