School of Medicine, Health & Life Sciences

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Browsing School of Medicine, Health & Life Sciences by Author "Amos Ronald Kalukusu"

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    Analysis Of Issues Associated With Legalizing Induced Abortion Among Women Of Reproductive Age In Uganda: A Situational Analysis Among Doctors, Lawyers And University Medical Students.
    (IKSAD Publishing House, 2022-12-22) Faisal Sophia Suleiman; Amos Ronald Kalukusu
    Abstract This study investigated issues associated with legalizing induced abortion among women of reproductive age in Uganda. Due to the restrictive abortion laws in Uganda, women opt for clandestine abortions which are usually unsafe leading to several complications including death. The target population for the study was 200 among whom it selected 131 respondents who included 36 doctors, 80 medical students, and 15 lawyers. The doctors were selected purposively, the medical students were selected using a random sampling technique while a snowball sampling technique was used to arrive at the 15 lawyers for the study. The specific objectives of the study were: (a) to determine the level of awareness of doctors, medical students, and lawyers on the current laws and policies on induced abortion among women of reproductive age in Uganda. (b) to investigate the insight of doctors, medical students, and lawyers on the advantages of legalizing induced abortion among women of reproductive age in Uganda and (c) to evaluate the insight of doctors, medical students, and lawyers on the barriers to legalizing induced abortion among women of reproductive age in Uganda. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and then entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20, and the results were represented in both tabular and graphical forms. The study found that there was a significant gap in the knowledge of the laws and policies on abortion in Uganda among doctors, medical students, and lawyers (Sig=0.000, P-value < 0.05). Legalizing induced abortion was viewed to have the advantage of reducing maternal mortality by 59% of the variance while it was further viewed to reduce abortion complications by 15% of the variance. The most significant barrier to legalizing induced abortion in Uganda comes from religious organizations that contribute 49% of the variance. Additionally, few policymakers can articulate publicly in favor of the liberal abortion laws as this contributed 22% of the variance. In terms of implementation of the abortion laws in Uganda, 41% of the variance is a result of the laws being too complicated, accompanied by a failure to inform the public, the health workers, and government officials on the interpretation of the abortion laws (24.1% of the variance). The insights of the doctors and medical students towards legalizing induced abortion in Uganda predicted an 80.5% of variance in terms of their willingness to perform an induced abortion, while it predicted a 65.9% variance towards launching a constitutional challenge by the lawyers. It was concluded that there is a significant gap in the knowledge of doctors, medical students, and lawyers on the current laws and policies on induced abortion and the study recommended that Uganda’s abortion laws and policies should be clarified to improve on the level of awareness among the citizenry. Keywords: Induced Abortion, legalizing Induced Abortion, Abortion Laws & Policies, Maternal Mortality.
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    Exploring The Role Of Nurse-Led Health Promotion Programs In Preventing Chronic Diseases In Underserved Communities Of Komamboga, Kawempe Division, Kampala Uganda
    (Un-published Dissertation, 2024-02-29) Fatima Dianah; Amos Ronald Kalukusu
    ABSTRACT This study investigates the role of nurse-led health promotion initiatives in preventing chronic diseases within underserved communities, focusing on Komamboga, Kawempe Division, Kampala, Uganda. A mixed-methods approach was employed to assess perceptions, experiences, and satisfaction levels among community members and healthcare providers. Demographic data from 85 participants revealed a diverse population, with 55% female and 45% male respondents. Analysis indicated a high prevalence of chronic diseases, with 29.4% reporting diabetes, 47.1% hypertension, and 23.5% obesity. Regression analysis showed significant associations between participation in nurse-led programs and improved health outcomes, with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) ranging from 1.5 to 2.3 (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between community engagement and program satisfaction (r = 0.65, p < 0.001). Moreover, chi-square values indicated significant associations between program effectiveness and participant demographics (χ² = 18.6, df = 3, p < 0.001). Findings underscore the importance of nurse-led initiatives in promoting community health and reducing chronic disease burdens. Recommendations include continued investment in such programs and integration of participant feedback to enhance effectiveness and sustainability. This study contributes valuable insights to the field of public health, highlighting the pivotal role of nurses in addressing health disparities and improving overall well-being in underserved populations.
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    Investigating The Factors Contributing To The Persistence Of Hospital-Acquired Infections At Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda.
    (Un-published Dissertation, 2024-02-08) Kugonza Grace; Amos Ronald Kalukusu
    Abstract The study investigated the factors contributing to the persistence of hospital-acquired infections in hospitals while considering Mulago National Referral Hospital as the case study. The main objective was to comprehensively investigate and understand the factors contributing to the persistence of hospital-acquired infections at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda. Three specific objectives guided the research and these were (a) to assess the prevalence and epidemiology of Hospital Acquired Infections at Mulago National Referral Hospital; (b) to determine the association between the demographic characteristics of patients and their likelihood of acquiring hospital-acquired infections; (c) to identify contributing factors to Hospital Acquired Infections at Mulago National Referral Hospital. The research adopted a descriptive design incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A comprehensive survey was conducted, involving 219 participants, to examine the interplay between demographic factors, patient perceptions, and healthcare practices concerning HAIs and data was collected using self-administered questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions. The key findings of the study indicate that there were statistically significant associations between demographic factors and the length of hospital stays, where individuals who stayed in the hospital for 3 days to 1 week exhibited a significantly higher chi-square (X2) value of 2.609, indicating a more substantial association with the study objectives. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 3.598 and the p-value of 0.003 suggest that this group's length of stay is statistically significant regarding the factors contributing to hospital-acquired infections. Longer hospitalization within this range appears to have a notable impact. On the other hand, individuals who stayed in the hospital for 1 to 2 weeks exhibited a chi-square (X2) value of 5.976, indicating a strong association with the study's objectives. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 4.509 and the p-value of 0.008 emphasize the significance of this group's length of stay. Prolonged hospitalization within this range is statistically significant for the persistence of hospital-acquired infections. Older patients (aged 50 and above), those with lower education levels, specific marital statuses, and gender-related factors experienced longer hospital stays, leading to an increased risk of HAIs. These findings underscore the importance of tailored infection prevention strategies for specific patient profiles. Concerning healthcare practices and patient perceptions, participants generally held positive perceptions of healthcare practices related to infection control, including antimicrobial prescribing patterns, hand hygiene, infection control protocols, and efforts to identify vulnerabilities. These positive perceptions were crucial in fostering patient trust and engagement in infection prevention efforts. The study’s implications and recommendations suggest that Mulago National Referral Hospital and healthcare facilities worldwide should include tailoring infection prevention strategies to specific patient profiles, continuous monitoring and education, patient engagement, interdisciplinary collaboration, and resource allocation. It was concluded that this research should be viewed as a potential source of information to support the ongoing efforts to enhance infection control practices at Mulago National Referral Hospital and provide valuable insights for healthcare facilities worldwide in their fight against hospital-acquired infections. By addressing the complex interplay between demographic factors, healthcare practices, and patient perceptions, we can move closer to a healthcare system where HAIs are minimized, patient outcomes are improved, and patient trust in healthcare providers is strengthened.